A survey on cross-layer solutions for wireless sensor networks

Ever since wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have emerged, different optimizations have been proposed to overcome their constraints. Furthermore, the proposal of new applications forWSNs have also created new challenges to be addressed. Cross-layer approaches have proven to be themost efficient optimization techniques for these problems, since they are able to take the behavior of the protocols at each layer into consideration. Thus, this surveyproposes to identify the keyproblemsofWSNs and gather available crosslayer solutions for them that have been proposed so far, in order to provide insights on the identification of open issues and provide guidelines for future proposals. & 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.